Nerve Injury (Subscribe)
Links
Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Injuries eMedicine Orthopedics
In 1764, Smellie described bilateral arm paralysis in a newborn. In 1872, Duchenne de Boulogne coined the term obstetrical paralysis. In 1874, Erb described the upper C5-C6 paralysis, and in 1885, Klumpke described paralysis of the lower plexus. In modern times, Gilbert has popularized surgical reconstruction of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries.
Obstetrical brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP) refers to injury to all or a portion of the brachial plexus noted at the time of delivery. Injuries associated with the upper brachial plexus are termed Erb palsies, and those associated with the lower brachial plexus are termed Klumpke palsies. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries often are associated with large weight at birth and shoulder dystocia. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries are rarely (1% of cases) noted in neonates born via cesarean delivery.
Synonyms and related keywords: obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, OBPP, obstetrical paralysis, C5-C6 paralysis, lower plexus paralysis, Erb palsy, Klumpke palsy
Mackinnon, Novak & Baratz 2004
Obstetrical brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP) refers to injury to all or a portion of the brachial plexus noted at the time of delivery. Injuries associated with the upper brachial plexus are termed Erb palsies, and those associated with the lower brachial plexus are termed Klumpke palsies. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries often are associated with large weight at birth and shoulder dystocia. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries are rarely (1% of cases) noted in neonates born via cesarean delivery.
Synonyms and related keywords: obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, OBPP, obstetrical paralysis, C5-C6 paralysis, lower plexus paralysis, Erb palsy, Klumpke palsy
Mackinnon, Novak & Baratz 2004
Peripheral Nerve Injuries eMedicine Orthopedics
Novak, Mackinnon & Baratz 2005
Paul of Aegina (625-690) was the first to describe approximation of the nerve ends with wound closure. Hueter (1871, 1873) introduced the concept of primary epineurial nerve suture, and Nelaton described secondary nerve repair in 1864. Even at an early time, the idea of decreasing tension on the nerve suture was important. In 1882, Mikulicz described sutures that reduced tension, and Loebke described bone shortening to decrease nerve tension in 1884. In 1876, Albert described grafting nerve gaps. A great deal of information regarding the evaluation and treatment of traumatic nerve injuries came with the experience in wartime injuries.
Synonyms and related keywords: nerve repair, traumatic nerve injuries, nerve compression
Paul of Aegina (625-690) was the first to describe approximation of the nerve ends with wound closure. Hueter (1871, 1873) introduced the concept of primary epineurial nerve suture, and Nelaton described secondary nerve repair in 1864. Even at an early time, the idea of decreasing tension on the nerve suture was important. In 1882, Mikulicz described sutures that reduced tension, and Loebke described bone shortening to decrease nerve tension in 1884. In 1876, Albert described grafting nerve gaps. A great deal of information regarding the evaluation and treatment of traumatic nerve injuries came with the experience in wartime injuries.
Synonyms and related keywords: nerve repair, traumatic nerve injuries, nerve compression
Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury eMedicine Orthopedics
Chaput & Probe 2003
The history of the surgical treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus is not long. However, the field is rapidly developing. Significant progress has been made since surgeons such as Hanno Millesi and Algimantas Narakas began using nerve grafting for supraclavicular injuries in the 1960s. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, nerve transfer, electrophysiologic testing, nerve root repair, nerve rootlet replantation, and free muscle transfers make this a dynamic but highly specialized field. More surgical options than ever are currently available, and results are improving dramatically since the almost uniformly dismal results documented in the late 1970s.
Synonyms and related keywords: traumatic brachial plexus injury, lesions of the brachial plexus, supraclavicular injuries, upper plexus injuries, lower plexus injuries, shoulder injuries
The history of the surgical treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus is not long. However, the field is rapidly developing. Significant progress has been made since surgeons such as Hanno Millesi and Algimantas Narakas began using nerve grafting for supraclavicular injuries in the 1960s. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, nerve transfer, electrophysiologic testing, nerve root repair, nerve rootlet replantation, and free muscle transfers make this a dynamic but highly specialized field. More surgical options than ever are currently available, and results are improving dramatically since the almost uniformly dismal results documented in the late 1970s.
Synonyms and related keywords: traumatic brachial plexus injury, lesions of the brachial plexus, supraclavicular injuries, upper plexus injuries, lower plexus injuries, shoulder injuries
